Census base 1951, according to the division currently in force and indicated above. For India 2006, please check computergees.com.
In the years 1941-50 the birth rate was 40%; in the same period the mortality was 27%. While in the years 1921-30 the average duration of life was 26 years, in the period 1941-1950 it increased to 32; only 3.3% of the population is over 65 and people over the age of 75 make up only the i%. Also in the years from 1941 to 1950 there was an overall increase in the population of 13%. The proportion between males and females is about 1000 to 947. According to the 1951 census, the rural population constitutes 82.7% of the total population, while the urban population, considering only cities with 100,000 or more residents, represents only 6.8% of the total. It is estimated that there are 380,020 villages with no more than 500 residents (21.95% of the total population) while the cities with 100,000 or more residents are only 76; the largest number of these are found in Uttar Pradesh (14).
Below we give the list, in alphabetical order of the cities, not the capital of the state, (besides Greater Calcutta), which at the census of 195I had more than 100,000 residents; in brackets the number of residents: Agra (375,665); Ahmedabad (793,813); Ajmer (196,633); Aligarh (141,618); Allahabad (332,295); Alleppey (116,278); Amaravati (124,064); Amritsar (325,747); Bareilly (208,083); Baroda (211,407); Benares (355,777); Bezwada-Vijayavada (161.198); Bhagalpur (114,530); Bhatpara (134,916); Bhavnagar (137,951); Bikaner (130,293); Calcutta (4,578,071); Coimbatore (197,755); Cuttack (102,505); Dehra Dun (144,216); Gaya (133,700); Gorakhpur (132,436); Guntur (125,255); Gwalior (241,577); Howrah (433,630); Hubli (129,609); Hyderabad (1,085,722); Indore (310,859); Jamnagar (104,419); Jamshedpur (218,162); Jhansi (127,365); Jodhpur (180,717); Jabalpur (256,998); Jalandar (168,816); Kanpur (705,383); Kharagpur (129.6i6); Kolar (159,084); Kolhapur (136,835); Kozhikode (158,724); Ludhiana (153,795); Madura (361,781); Mangalore (117,083); Mathura (105,773); Meerut (233,183); Moradabad (161,854); Mysore (244,323); Nagpur (449,099); Poona (588,545); Rajahmundri (105.276); Rajkot (132,069); Rampur (134,277); Ranchi (106,849); Saharanpur (148,435); Salem (202,335); Shahjahanpur (104,835); Sholapur (277,087); Surat (223.182); Taniore (100,680); Tirunelveli (113,486); Tollyganj 1149.817); Trichinopoly-Tiruchirapalli (255.623); Ujjain (129,817); Vellore (106,204); Vizagapatam-vishakhapatnam (108,042); Warangal (133.130).
The agricultural population constitutes 69.8% of the total; entrepreneurs represent 3.4% and artisans 50.9% of the total, while the remaining 45.7% is made up of non-self-employed workers and office workers. There are about 4 million Indians who have emigrated abroad.
The countries to which there has been the greatest flow of emigration are: Ceylon with 985,327 between Indians and Pakistanis residing in 1953; Burma with approximately 700,000 resident Indians; Malaysia with 740,709 Indians and Pakistanis resident in 1952; South Africa with 365,524 Indians residing in 1951; Mauritius island with 322,972 Indians residing in 1952; Trinidad-Tobago with 227,390 Indians residing in 1950.
Despite the law prohibiting the ancient custom of marriages of minors, 14.6% of girls and 6.3% of children under the age of 15 are married. Between 15 and 24 years of age 80% of women and 44.5% of men get married, while between 25 and 34 years of age 13.3% of women and 82.9% of men. The difference between the total number of male conjugates (82,253,086) and the total of female conjugates (82,387,997) suggests a certain residue of polygamy. As for religious denominations, the 1951 census provides the following data: Hindus 303.2 million (84.99%); Muslims 35.4 million (9.93%); Christians (of all denominations), 8.2 million (2.30%); Sikhs 6.2 million (1.74%); jain 1.6 million (0.45%); Buddhists 0.2 million (0.05%); parsi 0.1 million (0.03%); Jews 26,781 (0.01%); other confessions 1, 8 million (0.50%). There is a lack of exact figures regarding the number of speakers of the various languages of the Union. The percentage of illiterate people is very high: about 90%.
